Showing posts with label The Holocaust. Show all posts
Showing posts with label The Holocaust. Show all posts

Thursday, 12 March 2026

Spots of Lights: Women in the Holocaust ...... an online exhibition ..... one to view

An important new exhition Spots of Light.*


"The Holocaust was a watershed event in human history – an act of murder and violence that the Nazis and their accomplices unleashed against the Jewish people. 

Death awaited all who professed the Jewish faith, and the path to this denouement was paved with ghastly violence. In certain respects, however, women, men, and children followed different paths to death.

 In this exhibition we attempt to reveal the human story that lurks behind the historical account of what happened. Within this story, we chose to tell about the Jewish victims and create space for the unique voice of the women among them".

*Spots of Light: Women in the Holocaust, https://wwv.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/women-in-the-holocaust/index.asp

**Yad Vashen News, https://trailer.web-view.net/Show/0X4E1D458259BD54E71004CF2497F58A57E931A597041167D73457FFF0FB57D3AAFC7B75182448CBB4.htm


Tuesday, 27 January 2026

Light the Darkness ............ today from 4pm ...... Holocaust Memorial Day

 Each year people from across the UK take part in a national moment for Holocaust Memorial Day.


At 4pm on 27 January people across the nation will light candles and put them safely in their windows to:

remember those who were murdered for who they were 

stand against prejudice and hatred today

Picture; The 8th night of Hanukkah, Kiel,  William Miconnet who wrote, “Rabbi Akiva Boruch Posner lit this menorah on the 8th night of Hanukkah in full view of the Nazi headquarters in Kiel, Germany, 12 December 1931”The National Library of Israel*

The Holocaust Memorial Trust, Holocaust Memorial Trust, https://hmd.org.uk/hmd-theme-2026/


*The National Library of Israel, https://www.nli.org.il/en


Sunday, 9 November 2025

On the night of Kristallnacht .... November 9-10th, 1938...........Life Before the Holocaust

Life Before the Holocaust “aims to share stories of the Jewish communities that were built and the lives that were lived by Jewish individuals living in countries and towns across the European continent before the start of the Holocaust”. *

The 8th night of Hanukkah, Kiel, Germany, December 12th, 1931

I came across it by chance, and continue to find it a compelling and powerful site.

Members are welcome to share stories about their families, their experiences, and things they may have heard or learned along the way.

The first image I have chosen to reproduce is from William Miconnet who wrote, “Rabbi Akiva Boruch Posner lit this menorah on the 8th night of Hanukkah in full view of the Nazi headquarters in Kiel, Germany, 12 December 1931”

Chava Hochrad
The second was posted by Elaine F. Miller, who added “The young woman on the left was my father’s paternal cousin, Chaya Hochrad. 

She was the daughter of Yachov Hochrad and Khaia Leiter Hochrad of Frampol, Poland. She was one of seven siblings. She did not survive”.

The site is hosted By The National Library of Israel, which was founded in Jerusalem in 1892.*

The National Library of Israel (NLI) "serves as the dynamic institution of national memory for the Jewish people worldwide and Israelis of all backgrounds and faiths.

While continuing to serve as Israel's pre-eminent research library, NLI has recently embarked upon an ambitious journey of renewal to encourage diverse audiences in Israel and around the globe to engage with its treasures in new and meaningful ways.

This is taking place through a range of innovative educational, cultural and digital initiatives, as well as through a new landmark campus next to the Knesset (Israeli Parliament) in Jerusalem. The new campus is currently under construction and on schedule to be completed in 2021.

The National Library has four core collections: Israel, Judaica, Islam and Middle East, and the Humanities. Highlights include significant handwritten works by luminaries such as Maimonides and Sir Isaac Newton, exquisite Islamic manuscripts dating back to the ninth century and the personal archives of leading cultural and intellectual figures including Martin Buber, Natan Sharansky and Naomi Shemer.

The National Library holds the world's largest collections of textual Judaica, Jewish and Israeli music, and maps of Jerusalem and the Holy Land, as well as world-class collections of manuscripts, ancient maps, rare books, photographs, communal and personal archival materials, and more".**

*Life Before the Holocaust, https://www.facebook.com/groups/299090977346058/?epa=SEARCH_BOX

**The National Library of Israel, https://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/english/Pages/default.aspx


Monday, 27 January 2025

Light the Darkness ............ today from 4pm ...... Holocaust Memorial Day

 Each year people from across the UK take part in a national moment for Holocaust Memorial Day.

Imperial War Museum North,  lights the darkness for HMD

At 4pm on 27 January people across the nation will light candles and put them safely in their windows to:

remember those who were murdered for who they were

stand against prejudice and hatred today

Salford Quays Millenium Footbridge, lights the darkness for HMD
Iconic buildings and landmarks will light up in purple during this powerful national moment of commemoration and solidarity.

Follow the link for details.

Light the https://hmd.org.uk/take-part-in-holocaust-memorial-day/

Picture; Imperial War Museum North,ights the darkness for HMD, photo Credit Emma Phillipson,  Salford Quays Millenium Footbridge, lights the darkness for HMD, photo Credit Emma Phillipson

Sunday, 26 January 2025

Remembering ……. Holocaust Memorial Day

 There will be many different ways people will mark Holocaust Memorial Day.

The 8th night of Hanukkah, Kiel, December 12th, 1931

One way will be to light a candle and put it in your window tomorrow evening  you can participate in the UK Ceremony for Holocaust Memorial Day 2024 which will be streamed online  by registering with the Holocaust Memorial Trust online.*

“The Trust encourages remembrance in a world scarred by genocide. We promote and support Holocaust Memorial Day (HMD) – the international day on January 27th  to remember the six million Jews murdered during the Holocaust, alongside the millions of other people killed under Nazi persecution of other groups and in genocides that followed in Cambodia, Rwanda, Bosnia and Darfur.

January 27th marks the anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest Nazi death camp.

The Holocaust threatened the fabric of civilisation, and genocide must still be resisted every day. Our world often feels fragile and vulnerable and we cannot be complacent. Even in the UK, prejudice and the language of hatred must be challenged by us all”.**

Chaya Hochrad
And for those who want to explore the human tragedy you can join The I Remember Wall which, “when you join, your name will be randomly matched to a Holocaust victim from Yad Vashem's Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names. 

This unique project allows you to remember a specific victim, learn their name, read their story, and see their picture. You can then share the story of a Holocaust victim with others, as we join together to spread Holocaust awareness on International Holocaust Remembrance Day (January27th). 

Together, we can ensure that the memory of the 6 million Jews murdered during the Holocaust is never forgotten".***

You can join https://hmd.org.uk/=


Pictures, The 8th night of Hanukkah, Kiel,  William Miconnet who wrote, “Rabbi Akiva Boruch Posner lit this menorah on the 8th night of Hanukkah in full view of the Nazi headquarters in Kiel, Germany, 12 December 1931” and Chaya Hochrad  Elaine F. Miller, who added “The young woman on the left was my father’s paternal cousin, Chaya Hochrad.  The National Library of Israel****

* Holocaust Memorial Day Trust, https://hmd.org.uk/

** Holocaust Memorial Day Trust, https://hmd.org.uk/

***I Remember Wall, https://iremember.yadvashem.org/?p=1068&&utm_source=email&utm_medium=newsletter-english&utm_campaign=iremember-2022&utm_content=email-01

****The National Library of Israel, https://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/english/Pages/default.aspx


Saturday, 27 January 2024

Light the Darkness ............ today from 4pm ...... Holocaust Memorial Day

Each year people from across the UK take part in a national moment for Holocaust Memorial Day.

Imperial War Museum North,  lights the darkness for HMD

At 4pm on 27 January people across the nation will light candles and put them safely in their windows to:

remember those who were murdered for who they were

stand against prejudice and hatred today

Salford Quays Millenium Footbridge, lights the darkness for HMD
Iconic buildings and landmarks will light up in purple during this powerful national moment of commemoration and solidarity.

Follow the link for details.

Light the https://www.hmd.org.uk/lightthedarkness/

Picture; Imperial War Museum North,ights the darkness for HMD, photo Credit Emma Phillipson,  Salford Quays Millenium Footbridge, lights the darkness for HMD, photo Credit Emma Phillipson

Friday, 26 January 2024

Remembering ……. Holocaust Memorial Day

There will be many different ways people will mark Holocaust Memorial Day.

The 8th night of Hanukkah, Kiel, December 12th, 1931

One way will be to light a candle and put it in your window tomorrow evening  you can participate in the UK Ceremony for Holocaust Memorial Day 2024 which will be streamed online  by registering with the Holocaust Memorial Trust online.*

“The Trust encourages remembrance in a world scarred by genocide. We promote and support Holocaust Memorial Day (HMD) – the international day on January 27th  to remember the six million Jews murdered during the Holocaust, alongside the millions of other people killed under Nazi persecution of other groups and in genocides that followed in Cambodia, Rwanda, Bosnia and Darfur.

January 27th marks the anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest Nazi death camp.

The Holocaust threatened the fabric of civilisation, and genocide must still be resisted every day. Our world often feels fragile and vulnerable and we cannot be complacent. Even in the UK, prejudice and the language of hatred must be challenged by us all”.**

Chaya Hochrad
And for those who want to explore the human tragedy you can join The I Remember Wall which, “when you join, your name will be randomly matched to a Holocaust victim from Yad Vashem's Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names. 

This unique project allows you to remember a specific victim, learn their name, read their story, and see their picture. You can then share the story of a Holocaust victim with others, as we join together to spread Holocaust awareness on International Holocaust Remembrance Day (January27th). 

Together, we can ensure that the memory of the 6 million Jews murdered during the Holocaust is never forgotten".***

You can join online by following the link.


Pictures, The 8th night of Hanukkah, Kiel,  William Miconnet who wrote, “Rabbi Akiva Boruch Posner lit this menorah on the 8th night of Hanukkah in full view of the Nazi headquarters in Kiel, Germany, 12 December 1931” and Chaya Hochrad  Elaine F. Miller, who added “The young woman on the left was my father’s paternal cousin, Chaya Hochrad.  The National Library of Israel****

* Holocaust Memorial Day Trust, https://www.hmd.org.uk/what-is-holocaust-memorial-day/

** Holocaust Memorial Day Trust, https://www.hmd.org.uk/

***I Remember Wall, https://iremember.yadvashem.org/?p=1068&&utm_source=email&utm_medium=newsletter-english&utm_campaign=iremember-2022&utm_content=email-01

****The National Library of Israel, https://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/english/Pages/default.aspx


Saturday, 6 January 2024

"History has had its day in court and scored a crushing victory"*

Now I am part of that generation who grew up just after the last world war, with the images of Pearl Harbour, Hiroshima, and the Holocaust, which were part of the backdrop which informed my thinking and understanding of that conflict.

It never occurred to me, that outside a small deluded minority, there would be people who denied the existence of the Holocaust or embraced antisemitic views, views which I naively believed had been extinguished in the ruins of Berlin.

But I was wrong, and in truth I suppose I am not surprised.  Antisemitism has been around for thousands of years and it is now fashionable to look for conspiracy theories under every stone leading some to question the mass extermination of Jews, the Romany and any one the Nazis thought should die.

I long ago gave up on those who question the American space landings on the moon, the outlandish theories about the assassination of Dr King and J F Kennedy or that popular idea from the 1970s that all human achievement was the result of contact with aliens in the far distant past.

And of course, at the heart of all historical research should be a willingness to revisit events and interpretations of the past along with the perceived view of the achievements of the “great and the good”.

But Holocaust denial seems out of the box and raises serious questions about the motivation of some of those who deny it happened.

All of which has brought me back to Deborah Lipstadt’s books  Denying the Holocaust and Antisemitism Here and Now.**

I followed the court case, when David Irving sued Ms. Lipstadt and Penguin books and will be rereading her latest book on anti-Semitism which will be an important contribution to our understanding.

*The Times newspaper, April 14, 2000 commenting on the outcome of the trial brought by David Irving against Ms. Lipstadt and Penguin books

** Denying the Holocaust 1993, and Antisemitism Here and Now, 2018

Thursday, 25 May 2023

In Budapest ......... reflecting on two who are the Righteous Among The Nations

Now the memorial to Carl and Gertrud Lutz in Budapest is simple and powerful.

Detail of the memorial, 2016
I knew nothing of the memorial or the couple until my friend Julie shared this picture.
 Carl Lutz was born in Switzerland, travelled the world and arrived in Budapest in 1942.

As a Swiss diplomat he and his wife Gertrud organised the issue of safe conduct passports to Jewish people during 1942 and 1945, saving 62,000 Hungarian Jews from imprisonment and death.

After the war Mr and Mrs Lutz returned to Switzerland and in 1964 were designated as Righteous Among The Nations by Yad Vashem.*

It is striking memorial which has a figure laying on the ground with an upstretched hand and is the work of the sculptor, Tamás Szabó.

The memorial, 2006
“Yad Vashem, the national Authority for the Remembrance of the Martyrs and Heroes of the Holocaust, was established in 1953 by act of the Knesset (Israel’s parliament) to commemorate the six million Jewish men, women and children murdered by the Nazis and their collaborators during the years 1933-1945. 

The Authority also commemorates the heroism and fortitude of the Jewish partisans and the fighters in the Ghetto revolts, as well as the actions of the 'Righteous Among the Nations' (non-Jews who saved the lives of Jews).

Located on Har Hazikaron (Heb., Hill of Remembrance), a ridge on the western outskirts of Jerusalem, the Yad Vashem Memorial and Institute includes several commemorative monuments, an historical museum, a central archive and a research center for the documentation of the Holocaust.”

Location; Budapest

Pictures; detail of the memorial to Carl and Gertude Lutz, Budapest, 2016 from the collection of Julie Thomas, and Memorial dedicated to Carl Lutz, Righteous among the nations, Szabó Tamás sculptor, taken by Perline, who as the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 


Wednesday, 25 January 2023

Tomorrow .......Marking the International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust

Tomorrow we remember those the Nazis murdered.

News from Vad Vashem.*

 "During the Holocaust, the Nazis endeavored to obliterate the identity of every Jewish man, woman, and child. 

Since the 1950s, Yad Vashem has worked tirelessly to gather the names of the six million Jews murdered in the Holocaust. "The Book of Names of Holocaust Victims" memorializes each of the 4,800,000 individuals whose names are commemorated in Yad Vashem's Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names.** 

Every name, birth date, hometown and place of death is clearly printed on meter-high pages and illuminated by a gentle strip of light that lies between each page. 

The monumental size of the book attests to the collective, immeasurable loss to the entire Jewish people, and to humanity. The blank pages of the book's final volume, symbolize the names still to be redeemed, recorded and memorialized, in perpetuity, by Yad Vashem.

Yad Vashem will be installing The Book of Names at the United Nations Headquarters for International Holocaust Remembrance Day. ***


The opening event will be broadcast live on Thursday, 26 January at 1:30 PM EST via Yad Vashem's Facebook Page and via UNTV.  The Book of Names will be on display in New York through 17 February 2023 and is open to the public for viewing. The Book will then be brought to Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, where it will be on permanent display beginning April 2023.

Pictures; courtesy of Vad Vashem 

*Vad Vashem, https://www.yadvashem.org/about.html

** "The Book of Names of Holocaust Victims", https://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/19-january-2023-10-35.html?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=book-of-names&utm_content=live-stream

 ***Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names https://yvng.yadvashem.org/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=book-of-names&utm_content=live-stream

Thursday, 13 January 2022

Kitty Hart-Moxon ....... a story from the last century

Now here is a wonderful quirky piece of radio where Public Historian Greg Jenner explores the vast BBC sound archive.

Arrival of Jewish refugees to London, February 1939
The series is called Past Forward: A Century of Sound, and each progranmme lasts just 14 minutes, starts with an archive interview, places it in a historical context and looks for parallels today.

And they range across our history over the last two centuries

The one I was drawn to this week was when  Greg Jenner "listens to an archive interview with the veteran Holocaust survivor Kitty Hart-Moxon and then speaks to Kitty, now aged 95. 

They reflect on human brutality, human survival and the importance of preserving Holocaust memories. Greg also speaks to the historian Zoe Waxman about the challenges of remembering and representing the Holocaust as the event itself fades into history.

Marking the centenary of the BBC, Past Forward uses a random date generator to alight somewhere in the BBC's vast archive over the past 100 years. 

Public historian Greg Jenner hears an archive clip for the first time at the top of the programme, and uses it as a starting point in a journey towards the present day. 

The archive captures a century of British life in a unique way - a history of ordinary people’s lives, as well as news of the great events. Greg uncovers connections through people, places and ideas that link the archive fragment to Britain in 2022, pulling in help from experts and those who remember the time – and sometimes the speakers themselves, decades later - along the way. 

What he discovers are stories, big and small, that reveal how the people we were have shaped the people we have become.

Producer: Eliane Glaser"

Pictures; Arrival of Jewish refugees to London, February 1939, German Federal Archives, from Jewish refugees from German-occupied Europe in the United Kingdom, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_refugees_from_German-occupied_Europe_in_the_United_Kingdom

*PastForward : A Century of Sound, BBC Radio 4, https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m00139ck

Thursday, 28 January 2021

The Plague of Justinian …. a Northumbrian saint .... and episode 4 of I Want You To Know We're Still Here ….. on the wireless today

Now with the rain continuing to come down like stair rods, and the prhobiton of travel even further restricted, today is a day to stay in with the wireless.


Which is an introduction to three programmes on Radio 4, two of which come from that excellent In Our Time series, and the third from the continuing serialization of I Want You To Know We're Still Here.

I will start with last week’s The Plague of Justinian in which “Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the plague that broke out in Constantinople 541AD, in the reign of Emperor Justinian. 

According to the historian Procopius, writing in Byzantium at the time, this was a plague by which the whole human race came near to being destroyed, embracing the whole world, and blighting the lives of all mankind. 

The bacterium behind the Black Death has since been found on human remains from that time, and the symptoms described were the same, and evidence of this plague has since been traced around the Mediterranean and from Syria to Britain and Ireland. 

The question of how devastating it truly was, though, is yet to be resolved.

With, John Haldon, Professor of Byzantine History and Hellenic Studies Emeritus at Princeton University, Rebecca Flemming, Senior Lecturer in Classics at the University of Cambridge, and Greg Woolf, Director of the Institute of Classical Studies, University of London, Producer: Simon Tillotson”.*

This I will follow up with Saint Cuthbert.


"Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Northumbrian man who, for 500 years, was the pre-eminent English saint, to be matched only by Thomas Becket after his martyrdom in 1170. 

Now at Durham, Cuthbert was buried first on Lindisfarne in 687AD, where monks shared vivid stories of his sanctifying miracles, his healing, and his power over nature, and his final tomb became a major site of pilgrimage. 

In his lifetime he was both hermit and kingmaker, bishop and travelling priest, and the many accounts we have of him, including two by Bede, tell us much of the values of those who venerated him so soon after his death.

With Jane Hawkes, Professor of Medieval Art History at the University of York, Sarah Foot, The Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the University of Oxford and Canon of Christ Church Cathedral, and John Hines, Professor of Archaeology at Cardiff University, Producer: Simon Tillotson”.**


Which will just leave me with Esther Safran Foer the author of I Want You To Know We're Still Here who "makes an emotional journey to the Ukrainian shtetls where her parents once lived, and where so many perished during the Holocaust". ***

Pictures; Detail of a contemporary portrait mosaic in the Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna, author, Petar MiloÅ¡ević, author, / CC BY-SA, Wikipedia, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license, the stained glass window in the south aisle of the nave in Durham Cathedral: 'St Cuthbert praying before his cell in the Farne Island' and cover of I Want You To Know We're Still Here, Esther Safran Foer, 2020

*The Plague of Justinian, In Our Time, Radio 4, https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000rc43

**Saint Cuthbert; https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000rll4

***I Want You To Know We're Still Here, https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000rll6


Monday, 25 January 2021

I Want You To Know We're Still Here .... on the wireless ... all this week

Today I listened to the first episode of I Want You To Know We're Still Here by Esther Safran Foer.


This first episode was entitled A Revelation,and sets the scene for why and how Ester set out to uncover the truth about what happened to both her parents and their extended families during the brutal years of the Holocaust.

There are four more episodes.

"Esther Safran Foer's haunting memoir tells the story of her quest to uncover how her family endured and survived the Holocaust across four generations. Her determination to remember the lives of those lost takes her from her home in Washington to the sites of the shtetls where her parents lived and worked in Urkraine. Read by Sara Kestelman.

When Esther Safran Foer's mother made an extraordinary revelation about her father, Esther set out to uncover the truth about what happened to both her parents and their extended families during the brutal years of the Holocaust. In the absence of memory, mementos, photos, or even names, Esther must find unique ways to record and remember the past. What emerges is a powerful story about loss, memory and the power of kinship and community.

Esther Safran Foer was the CEO of Sixth and I, a centre for arts, ideas and religion. She lives in Washington D.C with her husband Bert. They are the parents of Franklin, Jonathan, and Joshua, and the grandparents of six.

Abridged by Julian Wilkinson

Produced by Elizabeth Allard"*

Picture; cover of I Want You To Know We're Still Here, 2020

*I Want You To Know We're Still Here by Esther Safran Foer, Radio 4, https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000rll7

Sunday, 5 May 2019

The story and the truth lie in the detail …… the Rohatyn Jewish Heritage

There used to be a debate about the delivery of history, which fell between those who went for the broad-brush approach and those who argued that to fully understand a moment in time the focus must be a study in depth.

Rohatyn from the old Jewish cemetery, 2011
Both have their merits.

Without the broad brush, a student or the general reader has no context in which to place an event and no reference point for what came before or afterwards.

But at the same time such an approach must deliver something which is light on detail and leaves you racing on, to clock another half century, without really getting to know the finer points of why an event happened and the implications of that event.

But there are some events that are so well known that the broad outline is already fixed fast and so it is with the Holocaust or Shoah, and instead it is the detail which requires digging deep.

Brush clearing at the old Jewish cemetery, 2018
All of which brings me to an important project being undertaken in Rohatyn which is a town in the Ukraine by the
Rohatyn Jewish Heritage  which is “a volunteer-led program of heritage preservation and education, working to re-connect the history of Rohatyn’s now-lost Jewish community with the people and places of the modern town. 

With the cooperation of current Rohatyn residents and volunteers from around the world, today the program focuses primarily on recovery of Jewish headstone fragments discovered in town and their return to the old Jewish cemetery”. *

I came across the organization on the recommendation of a friend and have been following their work with great interest.

The Belegai family, date unknown
A few weeks ago, they posted two articles describing their work on piecing together the timeline of the events surrounding the elimination of almost all the Jewish inhabitants of the town and on those non-Jewish members of the community who tried to protect the persecuted.

In the case of the timeline this was very important, “because of the near-complete destruction of Rohatyn’s 350-year Jewish community by the German military and their accomplices during the war, and the near-complete erasure of Jewish identity in the region by Soviet policies after the war, records and images of specific wartime events and people in Rohatyn are scarce”. **

This required researching “a variety of sources including several versions of the Rohatyn Yizkor (memory) book, testimonies and oral interviews (Jewish and Ukrainian), written memoirs of and personal correspondence with survivors of the Rohatyn ghetto, as well as general histories of the region and the period”. **

And as part of that research, has come an account of those who hid Jewish individuals and families from the Nazis.  People like “Mikhailo and Lubomira Belegai, parents of a young daughter and living on a farm in Zhuriv, [who] sheltered three former neighbors, Eliezer Schreier and his young sons, …. for over a year, until the region was liberated.  The Belegais provided food and shelter in their barn and other hiding places as needed to avoid detection by Germans and others”. ***


Fyodor Penderetsky who saved 17 Jews
The work of the Rohatyn Jewish Heritage Program would be important at any time since the end of the last world war, but especially so today, when some would seek to deny the Holocaust occurred and when a significant group of people remain woefully ignorant of the event.

Added to which we are going through a period when anti-Semitism is again on the march, and small-minded nationalists are seeking to re-assert their beliefs, often by misrepresenting the activities of settled minority communities.

So, I suggest you follow the links to Rohatyn Jewish Heritage* and their Facebook page.****

And also their annual report for 2018.*****

Location; Rohatyn, Ukraine


Pictures; view toward Rohatyn town centre from the old Jewish cemetery, 2011, brush clearing at Rohatyn’s Old Jewish Cemetery, 2018, © Jay Osborn, courtesy of the Rohatyn Jewish Heritage, The Belegai family, and Fyodor Penderetskiy, who with his wife and son rescued more than 17 Jews in the forest near Bukachivtsi, from Yad Vashem******


*The Rohatyn Jewish Heritage   http://rohatynjewishheritage.org/en/

** The Shoah in Rohatyn, http://rohatynjewishheritage.org/en/history/timeline-shoah/?fbclid=IwAR1d2zUDT41QqE3sBr4u-jZ0p61hsb8zOF6FlZGNJPuyMtU_Im6LvGnxnDs

***Rohatyn's Wartime Righteous Gentiles, http://rohatynjewishheritage.org/en/history/righteous-gentiles/?fbclid=IwAR22VkgpNCbw-9gi6uEkDI6g7RVRswjhhsiUuiQLTpiKRtk6a7PcyjBfOWU

**** Rohatyn Jewish Heritage

*****RJH Annual Report 2018, http://rohatynjewishheritage.org/2018/12/annual-report-2018/?fbclid=IwAR0-KTlTj-jqAeN33ssjVZNxt3saQI8JPYW4QFJazfcAXspjOTz1NtbPzpc

****** Yad Vashem, Israel’s official state memorial to the victims of the Holocaust, https://www.yadvashem.org/