In England the precursors of manhole covers are the coalhole covers.
In the 19th century many buildings in larger towns had a coal hole in the pavement to alllow the coal merchant to empty his sacks into the coal bunker, which was often in the cellar at the front of the house, without the need to enter the house.
The hole was normally between 30 and 60 cm in diameter and was lined by a cast-iron ring and covered by a cast-iron plate. This often advertised the name of the maker.
They were normally given a raised pattern to prevent slipping and some include glass or concrete panels.
Covers are more common from the 1860s onwards but became redundant after the implementation of the Clean Air Acts, (These coal hole covers or plates are also known as Opercula).
The hole was normally between 30 and 60 cm in diameter and was lined by a cast-iron ring and covered by a cast-iron plate. This often advertised the name of the maker.
They were normally given a raised pattern to prevent slipping and some include glass or concrete panels.
Covers are more common from the 1860s onwards but became redundant after the implementation of the Clean Air Acts, (These coal hole covers or plates are also known as Opercula).
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